

Nor, per postmodern or constructivist views, is meaning simply constructed or projected onto an inherently meaningless world by the subjective human mind.

That is to say that meaning is not, per modern or positivist views, found solely outside of the human mind, in the objective world, waiting to be discovered. In a participatory epistemology, meaning is neither solely objective nor solely subjective. Originally proposed by Goethe, it has been discussed extensively by cultural historian Richard Tarnas. According to Jorge Ferrer, "the kernel of this participatory vision is a turn from intra-subjective experiences to participatory events in our understanding of transpersonal and spiritual phenomena." Participatory epistemology Ī participatory epistemology is a theory of knowledge that holds that meaning is enacted through the participation of the human mind with the world.

Participatory theory is a vision or conceptual framework that attempts to bridge the subject– object distinction.
